Japan Fashion Brimless Hats Japanese Street Fashion Brimless Hats

Shaped caput roofing, having a brim and a crown, or one of these

A collection of 18th and 19th century men's beaver felt hats

Woman in a Flowered Hat (1889), by Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Straw hat with brim decorated with cloth flowers and ribbons

A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against conditions conditions, formalism reasons such equally university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or every bit a fashion accessory.^[ane]

In the past, hats were an indicator of social status.^[2] In the armed services, hats may denote nationality, branch of service, rank or regiment.^[iii] Police force typically article of clothing distinctive hats such equally peaked caps or brimmed hats, such equally those worn by the Majestic Canadian Mounted Police. Some hats have a protective part. Equally examples, the hard lid protects construction workers' heads from injury by falling objects, a British police Custodian helmet protects the officeholder's caput, a sun hat shades the face up and shoulders from the sunday, a cowboy hat protects confronting lord's day and rain and an ushanka fur chapeau with fold-down earflaps keeps the head and ears warm. Some hats are worn for ceremonial purposes, such equally the mortarboard, which is worn (or carried) during university graduation ceremonies. Some hats are worn past members of a certain profession, such as the Toque worn by chefs. Some hats have religious functions, such every bit the mitres worn by Bishops and the turban worn by Sikhs.

History [edit]

While there are non many official records of hats earlier 3,000 BC, they probably were commonplace earlier that. The 27,000-to-30,000-yr-onetime Venus of Willendorf figurine may depict a woman wearing a woven hat.^[4] One of the earliest known confirmed hats was worn by a Bronze Age human being (nicknamed Ötzi) whose body (including his hat) was found frozen in a mount between Austria and Italian republic, where he had been since effectually 3250 BC. He was institute wearing a bearskin cap with a mentum strap, made of several hides stitched together, essentially resembling a Russian fur hat without the flaps.^{[5] [6] [7]}

One of the first pictorial depictions of a lid appears in a tomb painting from Thebes, Arab republic of egypt, which shows a human being wearing a conical straw hat, dated to around 3200 BC. Hats were usually worn in aboriginal Egypt. Many upper-form Egyptians shaved their heads, and then covered it in a headdress intended to help them keep cool. Ancient Mesopotamians oft wore conical hats or ones shaped somewhat like an inverted vase.

Hats every bit an indicator of social status: a foreman (with equus caballus) wears a lid of greater superlative than the accompanying inquilino (19th-century Republic of chile).

Other early hats include the Pileus, a simple skull-like cap; the Phrygian cap, worn past freed slaves in Hellenic republic and Rome (which became iconic in America during the Revolutionary War and the French Revolution, equally a symbol of the struggle for liberty confronting the Monarchy); and the Greek petasos, the start known hat with a brim. Women wore veils, kerchiefs, hoods, caps and wimples.

Similar Ötzi, the Tollund Human was preserved to the present day with a hat on, probably having died effectually 400 BC in a Danish bog, which mummified him. He wore a pointed cap made of sheepskin and wool, attached under the chin by a hide thong.^[8]

St. Clement, the patron saint of felt hatmakers, is said to have discovered felt when he filled his sandals with flax fibers to protect his anxiety, around 800 Advertisement.^[9]

In the Middle Ages, hats were a marker of social condition and used to single out certain groups. The 1215 Fourth Council of the Lateran required that all Jews place themselves past wearing the Judenhat ("Jewish hat"), marking them equally targets for anti-Semitism.^[10] The hats were commonly xanthous and were either pointed or square.^[11]

Carle Vernet's 1796 painting showing two decadent French "Incredibles" greeting each other, one with what appears to be a superlative hat, perhaps its showtime recorded advent.

In the Middle Ages, hats for women ranged from simple scarves to elaborate hennin,^[12] and denoted social condition. Structured hats for women similar to those of male person courtiers began to be worn in the belatedly 16th century.^[13] The term 'milliner' comes from the Italian metropolis of Milan, where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a adult female's occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit.^[14]

In the kickoff half of the 19th century, women wore bonnets that gradually became larger, decorated with ribbons, flowers, feathers, and gauze trims. Past the finish of the century, many other styles were introduced, amidst them hats with broad brims and flat crowns, the flower pot and the toque. By the eye of the 1920s, when women began to cut their hair short, they chose hats that hugged the caput like a helmet.^[thirteen]

The tradition of wearing hats to horse racing events began at the Majestic Ascot in Uk, which maintains a strict dress lawmaking. All guests in the Royal Enclosure must clothing hats.^[15] This tradition was adopted at other horse racing events, such as the Kentucky Derby in the U.s..^[16]

Improvident hats were popular in the 1980s, and in the early 21st century, flamboyant hats made a improvement, with a new wave of competitive young milliners designing creations that include turban caps, trompe-l'œil-effect felt hats and tall headpieces made of man hair. Some new hat collections have been described equally "wearable sculpture". Many popular stars, among them Lady Gaga, have commissioned hats as publicity stunts.^[17]

Famous hatmakers [edit]

One of the about famous London hatters is James Lock & Co. of St James'due south Street.^[18] The store claims to be the oldest operating hat shop in the world.^[nineteen] Another was Sharp & Davis of six Fish Street Colina.^[20] In the late 20th century, museums credited London-based David Shilling with reinventing hats worldwide. Notable Belgian chapeau designers are Elvis Pompilio and Fabienne Delvigne (Regal warrant of appointment holder), whose hats are worn past European royals.^[21] Philip Treacy OBE is an Irish milliner whose hats take been deputed by acme designers^[22] and worn at royal weddings.^[23] In North America, the well-known cowboy-hat manufacturer Stetson made the headgear for the Majestic Canadian Mounted Police force and the Texas Rangers.^[24] John Cavanagh was one of the notable American hatters.^[25] Italian hat maker Borsalino has covered the heads of Hollywood stars and the earth's rich and famous.^[26]

Collections [edit]

The Philippi Collection is a collection of religious headgear assembled by a German entrepreneur, Dieter Philippi, located in Kirkel.^[27] The drove features over 500 hats,^[28] and is currently the earth's largest drove of clerical, ecclesiastical and religious head coverings.^[29]

Styles [edit]

This is a short listing of some common and iconic examples of hats. In that location is a longer version at List of hat styles.

Prototype	Proper noun	Clarification
	Ascot cap	A hard men's cap, similar to the apartment cap, just distinguished past its hardness and rounded shape.
	Balmoral bonnet	Traditional Scottish bonnet or cap worn with Scottish Highland wearing apparel.
	Baseball game cap	A blazon of soft, light cotton fiber cap with a rounded crown and a stiff, frontward-projecting brim.
	Beanie (North America)	A brimless cap, made from triangular panels of material joined past a push button at the crown and seamed together around the sides, with or without a small visor, once popular among schoolhouse boys. Sometimes includes a propeller. In New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom and some parts of the Us, "beanie" refers to the knit cap.
	Bearskin	The alpine, furry chapeau of the Brigade of Guards' full-wearing apparel uniform, originally designed to protect them confronting sword-cuts, etc. Normally seen at Buckingham Palace in London, England. Sometimes mistakenly identified as a busby.
	Beret	A soft round cap, usually of woollen felt, with a jutting apartment crown and tight-fitting brimless headband. Worn by both men and women and traditionally associated with Basque people, France, and the military machine.
	Bicorne	A broad-brimmed felt hat with brim folded up and pinned front and dorsum to create a long-horned shape. Also known equally a cocked hat. Worn by European armed services officers in the 1790s and, as illustrated, commonly associated with Napoleon.
	Bowler / Derby	A hard felt lid with a rounded crown created in 1850 past Lock'south of St James's, the hatters to Thomas Coke, 2d Earl of Leicester, for his servants. More than ordinarily known as a Derby in the U.s.a..
	Buntal	A traditional straw hat from the Philippines woven from fibers extracted from buri palms.
	Chullo	Peruvian or Bolivian hat with ear-flaps made from vicuña, alpaca, llama or sheep'southward wool.[xxx]
	Cloche lid	A bell-shaped ladies' hat that was popular during the Roaring Twenties. (Cloche hat equally worn by silent film star Vilma Bánky, 1927)
	Cricket cap	A type of soft cap traditionally worn by cricket players. (Sid Barnes with his Australian cap)
	Sombrero Cordobés	A traditional apartment-brimmed and flat-topped hat originating from Córdoba, Kingdom of spain, associated with flamenco dancing and music and popularized past characters such every bit Zorro.
	Conical Asian hat	A conical straw hat associated with East and Southeast Asia. Sometimes known every bit a "coolie hat", although the term "coolie" may exist interpreted every bit derogatory.[31] [32]
	Coonskin cap	A chapeau, fashioned from the skin and fur of a raccoon, that became associated with Canadian and American frontiersmen of the 18th and 19th centuries.
	Custodian helmet	A helmet traditionally worn past British police force constables while on foot patrol.
	Deerstalker	A warm, shut-plumbing fixtures tweed cap, with brims front and backside and ear-flaps that tin be tied together either over the crown or under the chin. Originally designed for use while hunting in the climate of Scotland. Worn past – and and then closely associated with – the graphic symbol Sherlock Holmes.
	Fedora	A soft felt chapeau with a medium brim and lengthwise crease in the crown.
	Fez	Blood-red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, common to Arab-speaking countries.
	Fulani lid	A conical plant fiber chapeau covered in leather both at the brim and top, worn by men of the Fulani people in Due west Africa.
	Hard hat	A rounded rigid helmet with a small brim predominantly used in workplace environments, such as construction sites, to protect the head from injury by falling objects, debris and bad weather.
	Keffiyeh	Three piece ensemble consisting of a Thagiyah skull cap, Gutrah scarf, and Ogal blackness ring. Gutrahs are apparently white or checkered, denoting indigenous or national identities.[ citation needed ]. (Sultan bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince of Kingdom of saudi arabia wearing Keffiyeh)
	Kippah	A hemispherical cap worn past Jews to fulfill the customary requirement held by halachic authorities that the head be covered at all times. (IDF soldier, Lt. Asael Lubotzky, prays with kippah and tefillin).
	Knit cap	A knitted lid, worn in wintertime, commonly made from wool or acrylic. In New Zealand, Commonwealth of australia, the U.k. and some parts of the United States, the term "beanie" is applied to this cap, while in Canada it is known as a "tuque".
	Kufi	A brimless, short, rounded cap worn by Africans and people throughout the African diaspora. (Umaru Yar'Adua, President of Nigeria)
	Mitre	Distinctive hat worn by bishops in the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. (Pope Benedict XVI)
	Montera	A crocheted chapeau worn by bullfighters.
	Panama	Straw hat made in Ecuador.
	Phrygian Cap	A soft conical cap pulled forward. In sculpture, paintings and caricatures it represents freedom and the pursuit of freedom. The popular cartoon characters The Smurfs wearable white Phrygian caps.
	Pillbox lid	A small hat with straight, upright sides, a flat crown, and no brim. (Extra Doris Twenty-four hour period wearing a pillbox lid in 1960)
	Pith Helmet	A lightweight rigid textile-covered helmet made of cork or pith, with brims front and back. Worn past Europeans in tropical colonies in the 1800s.
	Rastacap	A tall, circular, usually crocheted and brightly colored, cap worn past Rastafarians and others with dreadlocks to tuck their locks away.
	Rogatywka	An asymmetrical, peaked, 4-pointed cap used by various Polish military formations throughout the ages.
	Santa Hat	A floppy pointed red lid trimmed in white fur traditionally associated with Christmas.
	Sombrero	A Mexican chapeau with a conical crown and a very wide, saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered made of plush felt.
	Stetson	Also known as a "Cowboy Hat". A high-crowned, wide-brimmed hat, with a sweatband on the within, and a decorative hat ring on the exterior. Customized by creasing the crown and rolling the skirt.[33]
	Tam o'Shanter	A traditional flat, circular Scottish cap usually worn by men (in the British military sometimes abbreviated ToS).
	Top hat	Likewise known equally a beaver hat, a magician'due south lid, or, in the instance of the tallest examples, a stovepipe hat. A tall, apartment-crowned, cylindrical hat worn by men in the 19th and early 20th centuries, at present worn just with morning clothes or evening dress. Drawing characters Uncle Sam and Mr. Monopoly are ofttimes depicted wearing such hats. Once made from felted beaver fur.
	Toque	(informally, "chef's hat") A tall, pleated, brimless, cylindrical chapeau traditionally worn by chefs.
	Tricorne	A soft hat with a low crown and broad brim, pinned up on either side of the head and at the back, producing a triangular shape. Worn by Europeans in the 18th century. Larger, taller, and heavily ornamented brims were present in France and the Papal States.
	Turban	A headdress consisting of a scarf-similar unmarried slice of cloth wound around either the head itself or an inner hat.
	Ushanka	A Russian fur hat with fold-downwardly ear-flaps.
	Zucchetto	Skullcap worn by clerics, typically in Roman Catholicism.

Size [edit]

Hat sizes are determined past measuring the circumference of a person'due south head nearly 1 centimetre ( 2⁄5  in) above the ears. Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. Felt hats tin be stretched for a custom fit. Some hats, like hard hats and baseball caps, are adjustable. Cheaper hats come in "standard sizes", such equally small, medium, large, extra large: the mapping of measured size to the various "standard sizes" varies from maker to maker and style to style, as can exist seen by studying various catalogues, such as Hammacher Schlemmer.^[34]

Chapeau sizes

size					Youth S/M	Youth L/XL	XXS	XS	South	Grand	L	40	XXL	XXXL
Age (years)	0	one⁄two	i	1+ 1⁄2	2
Circumference in cm	34	43	47	48	49	50	51–52	53–54	55–56	57–58	59–60	61–62	63–64	65–66
Circumference in inches	13+ 3⁄viii	17	18+ 1⁄2	18+ 3⁄4	19+ ane⁄four	19+ 3⁄4	xx+ 1⁄viii –20+ 1⁄two	xx+ 5⁄8 –21+ 1⁄iv	21+ 5⁄viii –22	22 i⁄2 –22 7⁄eight	23 1⁄4 –23 five⁄8	24–24 iii⁄viii	24 3⁄4 –25 1⁄iv	25–26
UK hat size			5	5 3⁄4	6–6 1⁄viii	6 ane⁄4 –half-dozen 3⁄8	half dozen 1⁄ii –six five⁄eight	half-dozen 3⁄4 –half dozen 7⁄eight	7–7 one⁄8	vii 1⁄4 –7 three⁄8	vii ane⁄2 –vii 5⁄8	seven 3⁄4 –7 7⁄eight	8–8 i⁄8
U.s. hat size			5 7⁄8	vi	6 1⁄8	vi 1⁄4	half-dozen–6 1⁄2	6 v⁄8 –6 iii⁄iv	6 7⁄8 –7	seven ane⁄8 –7 i⁄4	7 iii⁄8 –7 1⁄2	7 5⁄viii –vii 3⁄4	7 seven⁄8 –8	8 1⁄viii –viii one⁄four
French hat size			0	1⁄2	1	1 1⁄2	two–ii 1⁄two	iii–3 1⁄2	iv–four 1⁄2	v–5 1⁄2	6–half-dozen 1⁄2	seven–7 i⁄2	8–8 ane⁄2	9–9 1⁄2

Note that The states lid size is a measurement of head diameter in inches. It can be computed from a measurement of circumference in centimeters by dividing past 8, considering multiplying ii.54 (the number of centimeters per inch) by π (the multiplier to give circumference from diameter) is almost exactly 8.

Gallery [edit]

• 

  Aboriginal Greek statue of a lady with blue and gilt garment, a fan and a sun hat, from Tanagra, c.  325–300 BC.

• 

  New York Metropolis, 1918: A large crowd of people, almost all wearing hats.

• 

  Family-endemic hat factory in Montevarchi, Italia, date unknown.

• 

  Millinery department of Bourne & Hollingsworth, in London's Oxford Street in 1942. Different nearly other habiliment, hats were not strictly rationed in wartime U.k. and there was an explosion of adventurous millinery styles.

• 

Encounter also [edit]

• Headgear
• List of lid styles
• List of headgear
• List of outerwear

References [edit]

1. ^ Pauline Thomas (2007-09-08). "The Wearing of Hats Manner History". Fashion-era.com. Retrieved 2011-07-02 .
2. ^ "The social meanings of hats". Academy of Chicago Printing. Retrieved 2011-07-02 .
3. ^ "Insignia:The Way You lot Tell Who's Who in the Military". United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 2012-04-14. Retrieved 2011-07-02 .
4. ^ "BBC News | SCI/TECH | World's oldest hat revealed". news.bbc.co.uk . Retrieved 2018-09-25 .
5. ^ Davis, Nicola (thirty August 2016). "It becometh the iceman: clothing study reveals stylish secrets of leather-loving ancient". The Guardian. Archived from the original on thirty August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
6. ^ Romey, Kristin (18 Baronial 2016). "Hither's What the Iceman Was Wearing When He Died 5,300 Years Ago". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 19 Baronial 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
7. ^ O'Sullivan, Niall J.; Teasdale, Matthew D.; Mattiangeli, Valeria; Maixner, Frank; Pinhasi, Ron; Bradley, Daniel Yard.; Zink, Albert (18 August 2016). "A whole mitochondria analysis of the Tyrolean Iceman's leather provides insights into the animal sources of Copper Age habiliment". Scientific Reports. six: 31279. doi:10.1038/srep31279. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC4989873. PMID 27537861.
8. ^ "The Tollund Man – Appearance". The Tollund Man – A face from prehistoric Denmark. 2004. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2016-09-30 .
9. ^ "History of Hats". Hatsandcaps.co.uk. Retrieved 2011-07-02 .
10. ^ Waldman, Katy (2013-x-17). "The history of the witch's hat". Slate.com. Retrieved 2014-03-26 .
11. ^ Johnston, Ruth A. (2011). All Things Medieval: An Encyclopedia of the Medieval World. ABC-CLIO. Retrieved 2014-03-26 .
12. ^ Vibbert, Marie, Headdresses of the 14th and 15th Centuries, No. 133, SCA monograph series (August 2006)
13. ^ ^{a b} "Hat history". Hatsuk.com. Archived from the original on 2000-09-fourteen. Retrieved 2012-01-07 .
14. ^ "History of Women'southward Hats". Vintagefashionguild.org. Retrieved 2012-01-07 .
15. ^ Lauren Turner (2012-06-21). "New dress code a striking at Ascots' Ladies Mean solar day". Contained.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-08-29 .
16. ^ "Hats in History: The Kentucky Derby". Hats-plus.com. 2012-04-28. Retrieved 2013-08-29 .
17. ^ Millinery Madness: Hat Makers With Attitude
18. ^ See Whitbourn, F.: 'Mr Lock of St James'due south St Heinemann, 1971.
19. ^ Centuries of hats
20. ^ For an account of the Abrupt family's hat-making business, encounter Knapman, D. – 'Conversation Sharp – The Biography of a London Gentleman, Richard Sharp (1759–1835), in Letters, Prose and Verse'. [Private Publication, 2004]. British Library.
21. ^ "Brussels life". Brusselslife.be. Retrieved 2013-04-fifteen .
22. ^ "Philip Treacy 'Hatforms' at IMMA Thursday". Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 5 Apr 2001. Archived from the original on Baronial 17, 2012. Retrieved eleven December 2010.
23. ^ Philip Treacy: King of Royal hymeneals hats Irish gaelic Contained, 2011-04-29
24. ^ Snyder, Jeffrey B. (1997). Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865–1970. Atglen: Schiffer. p. 57. ISBN0-7643-0211-half-dozen.
25. ^ "Cavanagh Hats". Bernard Hats . Retrieved 2019-12-06 .
26. ^ Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia:, Beverly Chico, ABC-CLIO, 03.10.2013, P. 155
27. ^ "Neue Zürcher Zeitung FOLIO". Nzzfolio.ch. 2011-02-08. Retrieved 2012-01-07 .
28. ^ "Der Spiegel". Spiegel.de. Retrieved 2012-01-07 .
29. ^ "Philippi Collection". Philippi-drove.blogspot.com. 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2012-01-07 .
30. ^ Klinkenborg, Verlyn (2009-02-03). "Season of the chullo". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on January xxx, 2009. Retrieved 2011-07-02 .
31. ^ Location Settings (2011-x-twenty). "Malema under fire over slur on Indians". News24. Retrieved 2013-06-16 .
32. ^ Most current dictionaries do not tape any offensive significant ("an unskilled laborer or porter unremarkably in or from Republic of india hired for depression or subsistence wages" Merriam-Webster) or brand a stardom between an offensive meaning in referring to "a person from the Indian subcontinent or of Indian descent" and an at least originally inoffensive, onetime-fashioned meaning, for example "dated an unskilled native labourer in India, China, and some other Asian countries" (Meaty Oxford English language Lexicon). Notwithstanding, some dictionaries bespeak that the give-and-take may be considered offensive in all contexts today. For example, Longman Archived 2006-11-27 at the Wayback Machine'south 1995 edition had "sometime-fashioned an unskilled worker who is paid very low wages, especially in parts of Asia", but the current version adds "taboo old-fashioned a very offensive word ... Do not use this word".
33. ^ Snyder, Jeffrey B. (1997). Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865–1970. Atglen: Schiffer. p. 5. ISBN0-7643-0211-6.
34. ^ "Helmet sizes". Enduroworld.com.au. Archived from the original on March 25, 2012.

External links [edit]

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